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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(5): e0036, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341157

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Ocular toxoplasmosis frequently presents as necrotizing retinochoroiditis and, less often, as peripapillary chorioretinitis and/or papillitis. The progression from papillitis to peripapillary retinochoroiditis has been rarely described. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient living in southern Brazil, who developed papillitis in the right eye and was treated with systemic corticosteroids (prednisone 0.6 mg/kg/day and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone 15 mg/kg/day, for 3 days). After 14 days, the patient developed peripapillary retinochoroiditis with vitritis and decreased visual acuity (20/60), and was immediately initiated on the classic oral treatment for toxoplasmosis, consisting of pyrimethamine (50 mg/day), sulfadiazine (4 g/day), folinic acid (15 mg every 3 days) and prednisone (0.6 mg/kg/day). The visual acuity of the right eye normalized after treatment (20/20), which lasted approximately 70 days, but scotomas were detected on visual field examination, especially in the lower nasal quadrant. Although two studies mentioned this presentation, our report emphasizes the possible manifestation of ocular toxoplasmosis as papillitis in the initial phase, with progression to peripapillary retinochoroiditis and permanent visual field defects, which justifies early treatment for toxoplasmosis in suspected cases, especially in endemic regions.


RESUMO A toxoplasmose ocular manifesta-se com maior frequência por um quadro de retinocoroidite necrotizante e, com menor frequência, por coriorretinite justapapilar e/ou papilite. A evolução de papilite para retinocoroidite justapapilar raramente foi descrita. Apresenta-se o relato de caso de uma paciente de 52 anos, habitante da Região Sul do Brasil, que iniciou com quadro de papilite em olho direito, sendo tratada com corticoides sistêmicos (prednisona 0,6/mg/kg ao dia e pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona 15mg/kg ao dia, por 3 dias), mas, após 14 dias, evoluiu para retinocoroidite justapapilar, com vitreíte e diminuição de acuidade visual (20/60), sendo imediatamente instituído o tratamento via oral clássico para toxoplasmose, com pirimetamina (50 mg ao dia), sulfadiazina (4 g ao dia) e ácido folínico (15 mg a cada 3 dias), e mantida a prednisona (0.6 mg/kg/dia). A acuidade visual do olho direito normalizou após o tratamento (20/20), que durou em torno de 70 dias, porém desenvolveu escotomas ao exame de campo visual, sobretudo de quadrante nasal inferior. Embora tenham sido encontrados dois trabalhos que mencionam essa forma de apresentação, o presente relato destaca-se por enfatizar a possibilidade de manifestação da toxoplasmose ocular por meio de papilite na fase inicial, que evolui com retinocoroidite justapapilar, causando defeito permanente de campo visual, justificando que se avalie a instituição de tratamento precoce para toxoplasmose dos casos suspeitos, sobretudo em região endêmica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Optic Neuritis/etiology , Papilledema/etiology , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/complications , Chorioretinitis/etiology , Optic Nerve , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Angiography , Radiography , Visual Acuity , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis , Chorioretinitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Necrosis
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 79(5): 330-332, set.-out. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137985

ABSTRACT

Abstract In children, optic disc drusen (ODD) are often mistaken for papilledema, this being the prin-cipal differential diagnosis. This report describes the case of an 11-year old patient with ODD, in which the condition was initially diagnosed as papilledema, and the patient referred for pulse therapy. Fundoscopic examination is important because it is the first examination conducted by the ophthalmologist that is capable of revealing some characteristics of ODD that will aid in the differentiation between this disease and papilledema. In cases of ODD, the optic disc presents blurred margins and elevation of the disc borders, with clearly defined vessels at the papilla border. The differential diagnosis of ODD in children is challenging and requires appropriate management and follow-up to avoid iatrogenesis.


Resumo As drusas de disco óptico (DDO) em crianças são frequentemente confundidas com papiledema, sendo este o principal diagnóstico diferencial. Este artigo relata o caso de uma paciente de 11 anos com DDO, no qual o quadro foi inicialmente diagnosticado como papiledema, e a paciente encaminhada para pulsoterapia. O exame fundoscópico é importante por ser o primeiro exame realizado pelo oftalmologista que é capaz de revelar algumas características das DDO que auxiliarão na diferenciação do papiledema. Nos casos de DDO, o disco óptico apresenta margens mal definidas e bordas elevadas, com vasos na margem da papila bem definidos. O diagnóstico diferencial das DDO em crianças é desafiador e requer conduta e seguimento adequados para evitar iatrogenias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Optic Disk Drusen/diagnostic imaging , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Diagnosis, Differential
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(2): 157-159, Mar.-Apr. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088969

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A 37-year-old woman complained of headaches following bilateral visual loss in the past two years. She was obese and had undergone bariatric surgery three months earlier, followed by a considerable weight loss. Neuro-ophthalmic examination revealed a bilateral swollen optic disk. After a computerized analysis of the visual fields and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits, a diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension was made. At six months after the bariatric surgery, the patient reported no further headaches and exhibited better findings on computerized analysis of visual fields. However, fundus examination revealed persistent mild papilledema in both eyes. Ocular B-scan ultrasonography showed bilateral optic disk drusen. This report highlights the coexistence of true papilledema and pseudopapilledema due to optic disk drusen, following remission of idiopathic intracranial hypertension after a bariatric surgery.


RESUMO Uma mulher de 37 anos queixou-se de cefaleia após perda visual bilateral nos últimos dois anos. Apresentava história de obesidade e havia sido submetida à cirurgia bariátrica três meses antes, seguida de considerável perda de peso. O exame neuro-oftálmico revelou um disco óptico inchado bilateral. Após uma análise computadorizada dos campos visuais e ressonância magnética do crânio e órbitas, foi feito um diagnóstico de hiper tensão intracraniana idiopática. Após seis meses da cirurgia bariátrica, a paciente não relatou mais cefaleia e foram descobertas melhoras na análise computadorizada dos campos visuais. No entanto, o exame de fundo de olho revelou papiledema leve persistente em ambos os olhos. A ultrassonografia ocular B-scan mostrou drusas do disco óptico bilateralmente. Este relato destaca a coexistência de papiledema verdadeiro e pseudopapiledema devido à drusa de disco óptico após remissão da hipertensão intracraniana idiopática após uma cirurgia bariátrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/etiology , Optic Disk Drusen/complications , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Papilledema/etiology , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Syndrome , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Eye Diseases, Hereditary/diagnostic imaging , Optic Disk Drusen/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Visual Field Tests
4.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057214

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe a case of a male adolescent with symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) associated with obesity treated with bariatric surgery. Case description: A 16-year-and-6-month-old severely obese boy [weight: 133.6 kg; height: 1.74 m (Z score: +0.14); BMI: 44.1 kg/m2 (Z score: +4.4)], Tanner pubertal stage 5, presented biparietal, high-intensity, and pulsatile headaches, about five times per week, associated with nocturnal awakenings, and partial improvement with common analgesics, for three months. Ophthalmologic evaluation evidenced bilateral papilledema. Cranial computed tomography revealed no mass or anatomic abnormalities. Lumbar puncture showed increased intracranial pressure of 40 cmH2O (reference value: <28 cmH2O) with a normal content. After being diagnosed with IIH, the patient was started on acetazolamide. However, after three months, he was still symptomatic. He was diagnosed with obesity due to excess energy intake and, as he had failed to lose weight after a conventional clinical treatment, bariatric surgery was indicated. The patient (at 16 years and nine months) underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Ophthalmologic evaluation, performed five months after surgery, revealed normal visual acuity in both eyes and improvement of bilateral papilledema. Follow-up at 18 months showed a 67.5% loss of excess weight (weight: 94.5 kg and BMI: 31.2 kg/m2) and complete resolution of IIH symptoms. Comments: IIH is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with no evidence of deformity or obstruction of the ventricular system on neuroimaging. It has been associated with obesity. Bariatric surgery may be a valid alternative approach for morbidly obese adolescent patients with refractory symptoms.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever um caso de cirurgia bariátrica como tratamento de pseudotumor cerebral primário (PTCP) em adolescente do sexo masculino com obesidade. Descrição do caso: Adolescente, sexo masculino, 16 anos e 6 meses, com obesidade exógena [peso:133,6 kg; estatura:1,74 m (escore z: +0,14); IMC: 44,1 kg/m2 (escore z: +4,4)], estadiamento puberal de Tanner 5, apresentando cefaleia bi-parietal, pulsátil e de alta-intensidade, cerca de cinco vezes por semana, associada a despertares noturnos, e com melhora parcial com analgésicos comuns, há três meses. A avaliação oftalmológica evidenciou papiledema bilateral e a tomografia computadorizada de crânio não revelou massas ou alterações anatômicas. A punção lombar mostrou pressão intracraniana elevada de 40 cmH2O (Referência: <28 cmH2O) com conteúdo normal. Feito o diagnóstico, o paciente foi iniciou uso de acetazolamida. No entanto, após 3 meses, o paciente mantinha-se sintomático. Ele foi diagnosticado com obesidade devido ao consumo calórico excessivo e, como não havia obtido sucesso na perda de peso com tratamento clínico convencional, a cirurgia bariátrica foi indicada. Aos 16 anos e 9 meses, o paciente foi submetido a gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica sem complicações. A avaliação oftalmológica, cinco meses após a cirurgia, revelou melhora do papiledema bilateral com acuidade visual normal em ambos os olhos. Apresentou perda de excesso de peso de 67,5% (peso: 94,5 kg e IMC:31,2 kg/m2) e resolução completa dos sintomas de PPTC 18 meses após a cirurgia. Comentários: O PTCP é caracterizado pelo aumento da pressão intracraniana, sem evidência de deformidade ou obstrução do sistema ventricular na neuroimagem. Está associado à obesidade. A cirurgia bariátrica pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pacientes adolescentes obesos graves com sintomas refratários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Acetazolamide/therapeutic use , Spinal Puncture/methods , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnosis , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/drug therapy , Weight Loss/physiology , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome , Aftercare , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Fundus Oculi , Headache/diagnosis , Headache/etiology
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(6): 517-521, Nov.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038701

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Vitreopapillary traction is an uncommon condition characterized by strong adhesion and the traction of the posterior hyaloid onto the optic disc and peripapillary retina, leading to optic disc elevation and visual loss. An 85-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of slow, progressive visual loss in the left eye along with optic disc edema. Swept-source optical coherence tomography B-scans revealed circumpapillary anterior-posterior persistent traction of dense vitreous strands onto the optic disc. Visual field examination demonstrated mild, generalized, diffuse sensitivity loss and blind-spot enlargement. A 25-gauge posterior vitrectomy was performed with posterior hyaloid separation from the optic disc, resulting in significant anatomical and visual improvement. In conclusion, swept-source optical coherence tomography aids in understanding the mechanism underlying visual loss in vitreopapillary traction. Moreover, posterior vitrectomy can effectively promote anatomical and visual improvements in these cases.


RESUMO A tração vitreopapilar é uma condição incomum caracterizada por forte adesão e tração da hialoide posterior no disco óptico e retina peripapilar, levando à elevação do disco óptico e à perda visual. Um homem de 85 anos apresentou uma história de 6 meses de perda visual lenta e progressiva no olho esquerdo, juntamente com edema do disco óptico. A tomografia de coerência óptica por fonte de varredura revelou tração persistente ântero-posterior peripapilar com traves vítreas densas sobre o disco óptico. Exame de campo visual demonstrou perda de sensibilidade difusa, generalizada, leve e aumento do ponto cego. Uma vitrectomia posterior de calibre 25 foi realizada com separação hialóide posterior do disco óptico, resultando em melhora anatômica e visual significativa. Em conclusão, a tomografia de coerência óptica por fonte de varredura auxilia na compreensão do mecanismo subjacente à perda visual na síndrome de tração vitreopapilar. Além disso, a vitrectomia posterior pode efetivamente promover melhorias visuais e anatômicas nesses casos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Vitreous Body/pathology , Vitreous Body/diagnostic imaging , Papilledema/pathology , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Visual Acuity , Tissue Adhesions , Papilledema/therapy , Blindness/etiology , Treatment Outcome , Epiretinal Membrane/pathology , Epiretinal Membrane/diagnostic imaging
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 82(4): 332-335, July-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019419

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome is puzzling because it results in elevated intracranial pressure with no identifiable underlying cause. Ocular motor nerve palsies, other than a unilateral or bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy, are rarely seen in patients with this condition. We report here on a 25-year-old female patient with bilateral fourth cranial nerve palsy caused by pseudotumor cerebri syndrome, whose ocular and systemic signs and symptoms of nerve palsy were completely resolved after medical treatment. We infer that fourth nerve palsy could be associated with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome; therefore, clinicians should consider rare ocular motor nerve palsies, even bilaterally, in patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome.


RESUMO A sindrome do pseudotumor cerebral é uma síndrome enigmática caracterizada por aumento da pressão intracraniana sem causa definida. Na síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral, as paralisias de nervo oculomotor além da paralisia unilateral ou bilateral do sexto nervo craniano são raramente vistas. Nós reportamos o caso de uma paciente feminina de 25 anos com paralisia bilateral de quarto nervo craniano como resultado da síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral. Após tratamento médico para síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral, os sinais e sintomas oculares e sistêmicos da paralisia nervosa foram resolvidos. Em conclusão, a paralisia de quarto nervo craniano pode estar associada com síndrome de pseudotumor cerebral, portanto médicos devem considerar paralisias raras de nervo oculomotor, mesmo bilateralmente, em pacientes com síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pseudotumor Cerebri/complications , Trochlear Nerve Diseases/etiology , Syndrome , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Papilledema/etiology , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Trochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Trochlear Nerve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence
7.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 38(1): 73-76, 15/03/2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362680

ABSTRACT

Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a life-threatening condition that can be observed in several diseases. Its clinical presentation is variable, with headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, papilledema, and alterations in the level of consciousness. The gold standard for the diagnosis of ICHis still the intracranial implantation of invasive devices. Non-invasive techniques, such as ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath (USONS), have emerged in recent years with promising clinical results. The authors report the case of a patient with progressive headache associated with visual impairment and papilledema, and the eventual diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension using USONS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Pseudotumor Cerebri/drug therapy , Pseudotumor Cerebri/diagnostic imaging , Intracranial Pressure , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Retina , Ultrasonography
8.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 52(2): 117-122, 2019. ilus., tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1094902

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la trombosis de senos venosos (TSV) en niños, sin factores de riesgo es una patología rara pero potencialmente fatal. La cefalea es el síntoma principal y muy pocos pacientes se presentan sin este. El papiledema como hallazgo inicial se presenta sólo en el 9% de los pacientes. Presentamos el caso de una menor de 13 años, sin factores de riesgo para TSV, cuya manifestación inicial fue el papiledema en ausencia de cefalea. Objetivo: describir el caso clínico de una paciente menor de edad sin comorbilidades, factores de riesgo ni cefalea, con papiledema como única manifestación de TSV. Diseño de estudio: reporte de caso. Resumen del caso: menor de 13 años, sin antecedentes, con cuadro clínico de 12 horas de evolución de dolor en ojo derecho de instauración progresiva, tipo punzada, asociado a visión doble y un episodio emético. Al examen físico con agudeza visual (AV) 20/20 en ambos ojos, con papiledema; sin hallazgos positivos al examen neurológico ni en otros sistemas. Conclusión: La TSV en pacientes pediátricos sin factores de riesgo ni cefalea es rara. El papiledema es uno de los hallazgos principales de esta patología y en pocas ocasiones es la manifestación inicial. Es importante conocer los síntomas y signos oft almológicos de la TSV, ya que pueden ser el único hallazgo en esta patología.


Background: venous sinus thrombosis (VST) in children, without risk factors, is a rare but potentially fatal pathology. Headache is the main symptom and only few patients present without it. Papilledema as an initial finding occurs only in 9% of patients. We present the case of a 13 years old girl, without risk factors for VST, with papilledema as initial manifestation in the absence of headache. Objective: to describe a clinical case of with venous sinus thrombosis without comorbidities or risk factors, who had papilledema as first symptom. Study design: case report and literature review. Case summary: 13 years old girl, without medical history, with a clinical picture of 12 hours of right eye progressive pain, prick type, associated with double vision and an emetic episode. Physical examination with visual acuity (VA) 20/20 in both eyes and papilledema; without positive findings in the neurological examination or in other systems. Conclusion: venous sinus thrombosis in pediatric patients without risk factors or headache is rare. Papilledema is one of the main fi ndings of this pathology and in few cases it is the initial manifestation. It is important to know the symptoms and ophthalmological signs of VST because it could be the only finding in this pathology.


Subject(s)
Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnosis , Eye Diseases , Neurologic Manifestations
9.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 31(4): 82-87, oct.-dic. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991116

ABSTRACT

La neurocisticercosis es una enfermedad del sistema nervioso central de origen parasitario que genera una alta morbilidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 30 años de edad, negro, del sexo masculino, con historia de dolor de cabeza y disminución progresiva de la visión desde hace tres meses. Fue examinado en la Consulta de Oftalmología, donde se constató la pérdida visual y alteraciones campimétricas. En el fondo de ojo se observó papiledema bilateral. Le fue indicada tomografía computarizada de cráneo que mostró una gran lesión en la región frontal derecha y por lo cual fue transferido para el Servicio de Neurocirugía. Se decidió el tratamiento quirúrgico y se le realizó una craneotomía frontal derecha y resección de la lesión. El diagnóstico histológico confirmó una neurocisticercosis, por lo que se decidió comenzar el tratamiento con albendazol y praziquantel. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Después de completar el tratamiento y pasados unos meses se le realizó la tomografía axial computarizada de control, donde se mostró una remisión total de la lesión(AU)


Neurocysticercosis is a disease of the central nervous system of parasitic origin and high morbidity. This is the case of a 30 years-old Black male patient with a history of headache and progressive reduction of vision for three months. He was examined at the Ophthalmological Service where visual loss and campometric alterations were confirmed. The fundus oculi revealed the presence of bilateral papilledema. He was performed cranial CT that showed a large lesion in the right front region, so he was transferred to the neurosurgery service. It was decided to apply surgical treatment. He was then performed a right front craniotomy and then resection of the lesion. The histological diagnosis confirmed neurocysticercosis and he was then treated with albendazol and praziquantel. His recovery was satisfactory. Upon completing the treatment and after a few months, the axial computerized tomography for control showed total remission of lesion(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Papilledema/diagnostic imaging , Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Craniotomy/methods , Neurocysticercosis/therapy , Fundus Oculi
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